Internal-combustion engine.



No. 892,501. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908. J. n. OOGSWELL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2. 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

wit" eases PATENTED JULY '7, 1908.

J. H. GOGSWELL.

' INTERNALUOMBUSTION ENGINE.

PPLIOATION FILED JULY 2; 100 A 7 4 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

vwento-a No 892,501. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

J. H. OOGSWBLL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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wihw aeo J4 70/ C J/ attain u No. 892,501. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908. J. H. GOGSWELL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTIONBNGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1907.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

anuaufoz we n 000% attorney UNITED STATES JOHN HENRY COGSWELL, OF HAVANA, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE:

nmsaaso Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 7, 1908 Application filed July 2, 1907. SeriaLNo. 381,879.

citizen of the United States, residing at Havana, in the county of Mason and State of Illinois,- have invented certain new and useful 'Improvements in Internal-Combustion Enines; and I do declare the followin to be a nil, clear, andexact description 0% the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference, being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this s ecification.

This invention re ates to new and useful improvements in internal combustion engines and the object of the invention is tov produce a 'simple and efficient apparatus of this nature in which the products of combustion may be quickly expelled from the cylinder after the charge is ignited and force expended, thereby leaving a full capacity of the cylinder for the reception of a new charge.

The invention consists further in various details of construction and combinations and arran ements of parts which will be hereinafter Fully described and then specifically defined in the appended claims.

I illustrate my invention in the accompa nying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved engine. Fi 2 is a vertical central sectional view through the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a de tailed section longitudinally through the portion of the engine comprising the means for allowing the products of combustion to readily exhaust from the cylinder. Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the form shown in Fi 3. Fig. 5 is a sectional view through t e mixer. Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of the details shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7' is a sectional view through the means for forcing the asolene to the separator. Fig. 8 is a side e evation of the details shown in Fig. 7, and 9 is a detail in elevation.

Reference now being had to the details of the drawings by numeral, 1 designates a cylinder having a suitable water jacket and 2 designates a sparking plug fitted in one end thereof. 1 3 desi nates a suitably packed piston working wit in said cylinder and is provided with a valve 4 adapted to seat against a margin of and close an aperture 5 formed in said iston. I

6 esignates a valve stem havin a suitable button 7 fixed thereon and whic serves as an abutment to the spring 8 bearin between said button and the end of the piston about the boss 9 through which said stem is guided. The office of said s ring, it will be understood, is to normally i101 the valve seated.

10 designates a pitman which is pivotally connected to a pin 11 carried by the piston. Said pitman is pivotally connected to a crank pin 12 on the isk '13, which latter is keyed to crank blocks of shaft 14. Two fly or balance wheels 15 are fixed to said shaft, only one of which wheels, however, is shown in the drawings, two being provided in order to steady and balance the engine. Said shaft is mounted in suitable bearings upon the bed 16, which latter is supported upon a sub-base 17, thereby giving a good substantial foundation to the engine. Fixed to the flanges of the cylinder 1 is a compression crank chamber 18 in which said isk and pitman are mounted and adapted to contain the mixed fuel in readiness to be introduced, at prede termined moments, into the cylinder to be compressed prior to being fired. Fixed to said cylinder at any suitable location, as upon the under side thereof, is a casting 19 having exhaust ducts 20 and 21, the latter of which -is ada ted to communicate through a port 22 wit a port 23 which leads from one end of the combustion chamber of the cylinder, while the other duct 20 is adapted to communicate with the chamber 24 in which the piston 25 is mounted. Piston stems 26 and 27 are mounted to reciprocate in suitable bearings within said cast ng 19 and the inner ends of said pistons 26 and 27 are connected a so serves as an abutment for the spring 29 which bears at one end against a partition wall within said casting. A valve 30 is fixed to the stem 27 and is adapted to be held normally seated by action of the spring 29, thereby closing communication between the ports 21 and 22. A plate 31 forms a closure to a chamber 32 formed in said casting said chamber communicating with the ducts 22 and 21, and 33 designates a cock which is fitted in a threaded aperture in said plate, thereby forming means whereby the contents of the chamber 32 may make exit if desired. A suitable water jacket is also provided for portions of the casting in whichthe valve mechanism described is positioned in order to prevent the parts from becoming unnecessarlly highly heated. The piston 25 which b means of pins to a button 28, which latter is fixed to the s tem'26 is adapted to be actu: ated by the pressure upon the Iproductsof combustion in order to impart a ongitudinal 1 movement to the piston stems 26 and 27 when the port 34 through the cylinder comes into registration with the port 34 which leads through into the chamber 24. A suitable division head 35 is mounted within the chamber 24 and has a central aperture I adapted to receive and guide the piston rod 26, and 36 designates a second piston having packing rings mounted in the circumference thereof and fitting snugly against the walls of said chamber. A suitable duct 37 leads to and communicates with a port 38 which is adapted, when the piston 3 approaches its farthest outward limit, to register with a port 39 formed in the wall of the piston 3. A port 40 leads through the casting 41, which. is secured to the casting 19 in any suitable manner, and an air cock 4:2 is adapted to regulate the passage of air through said port 40. 43 designates an aperture, the walls of which are threaded and adapted to receive an air cook 44.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings will be seen a governing mechanism of the vertical type having two weights 45 and 46 fixed to the arms 47, which are pivotally connected to the arms 48 of the yoke 49. 5O designates a shaft which extends down through a suitable bearing 51, which shaft is hollow and is adapted to receive the stem 52 having a fixed collar 53 thereon against which the inner free ends of the arms 47 are adapted to contact. 54. designates a spring which is mounted intermediate said collar 53 and the yoke and serves to normally'hold the stem 52 at its highest limit. Fixed to said shaft 50 is a spiral gear 55, which is in mesh with a spiralgear wheel 56 fixed to the motor shaft 14, whereby speed may be transmitted to the governor. Said spring normally holds the weights until the centrifugal force throws the latter in such a manner as to cause the stem 52 to be moved downward under the tension of the spring bearing against the fixed collar thereon. A fixed insulated plate 57 is mounted adjacent to the upper end of the stem 52 and carries a bin mg post 58 to which a wire 59 is adapted to be connected. When the engine is running at a normal speed, the binding post carried by said plate will be in contact with the $136111. 52 but, when the speed of the engine is accelerated, the governor will cause the stem to withdraw from the binding post and break the circuit. By screwing the binding post down, th'espeed of the motor may be increased or, by moving the binding post 'm-the opposite direction, the speed may be decreased, by

-which constructionra simple and reliable governor is afforded.

- Referringto Fig. 1 of the drawings will be seen a timing lever designated'by 60, said bearing in order to have a rotating movement This timing lever comprises a collar with a lever extending below, and upon said collar is an ear 61 which is split, and 62 designates a fiat spring held by the ear on the collar and extending over to the opposite side of the collar where there is a similar extension having an insulated'plate 63 to which a suitably insulated binding post 64 is con nected having a wire 65 connected thereto and, when the said spring 62 is pressed against the binding post by means of the roller 66 which is set upon the hub of the fly wheel, the contact is made hy..moving the spring until it comes in contact with the binding post 64, which closes the circuit for a period during one-tenth of a revolution of the fly wheel. If the governing circuit is closed, a spark willresult through the sparking plug. A connecting bar 67 is 'pivotally fastened to the timing lever 60 and in'turn is pivotally connected to the lever 68, which the base of the engine. Saidlever 68 may be held in different positions by means of a pin or lever mechanism engaging the same and also the segment member "70., which is )rovided with a series of apertures and is astened to the cylinder, as shown clearly in Fig. 1 of the drawings. By means of the lever 68, the time of sparking may be advanced by throwing the lever forward and, by moving the lever in the 0p osite direction, the sparking may be retarde thereby form- 73, said stem actin as a lunger and works in a suitably packed glan in a bearing forming a portion of the casing 72, and a spring 74 bears between the top of the threaded cap or plug 75, which fits over the casing 72 and also the forked head 7 6, which is fastenedby means of a pin? 7 to the plunger 73. The arms of said head extend one upon. either side of the shaft 14 and serve to guide the head in its reciprocating movement. A shoulder 78 formed integral with said head is fixed to the main shaft 14, whereby at each revolution of the shaft a longitudinal movement may be imparted to'the plunger 73, the latter being returned to its starting 'osition'by the action of the spring 7 4. The

boltSZ may be passed, as shown n Fig. 2 of ,lever being fixed to the side of the crank-x ing an efficient and simple means for regulatand shown clearly in Fig. 8 of the drawings is concaved to receive the eccentric 80 which ower portion of the casing 72 is provided. with an elongated slot 81=-through which alatter is mounted upon a pivot pin69 'upon cylinder of the pumping apparatus is a stem theidrawings, for the purpose of mounting the apparatus in an upright position upon the base ]7. Branching from the lower portion of the casing 72 is a pipe 83 having a suitable valve 84 and a pipe 85, shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, leads from the branching pipe 83 and is adapted to communicate through the pipe 86 with the interior of the mixing chamber 87. A pipe 88 also communicates with the pipes and 86 and with the pipe 89, which latter leads to and communicates with a port 90 which forms an exit to the cup-shaped chamber 91 which sur rounds a part of the cylindrical portion of the casing 72 in which the plunger 73 works. Said chamber 91 is provided for the pur ose of catching any over-flowing asolene w ich may leak from about the plunger 73 and forming means whereby such gasolene may return through the pipe 89. Said plug 75, it will be noted, is provided with vent apertures 92 in order that the gasolene may run back through the pipe 89 without hindrance due to suction. A suitable valve 93 is ositioned over the upper end of the ang ed port 94, which is formed in the casing 72 and serves as means for preventing any gasolene which may have been drawn by the plunger above, the valve 93, being forced back into the pipe 71 upon the downward throw of the plunger 73.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 5 of the drawings, 95 desi nates a mixing chamber having a series of perforations 96 formed in the walls thereof, and 97 designates a valve stem which is normally held seated by means of the spring 98 which bears between a shoulder formed u on the mixing chamber and a button 99 which is fixed to the end of the stem 97. Supported by the walls of the chamber portion 0 thecasing 95 is a shell 100 within which a coiled s ring 101 is mounted, the lower end of said shell being closed by the phzg 102 against which the spring 101 bears an 103' designates a conical-she d plug having grooves 104 longitudinally fiigmed in the circumference thereof and 105 is a stem which projects from the u perend of the plug 103 and its upper end is position d a short distance below the valve 106, w ich latter is adapted to be depressed against the gine, through the various stem 105 for the purpose of allowing thegasolene to make exit over the surface of the shell 100 to be caught up by the inrushing air, as it is drawn by the impulses of the enperforations of the mixing chamber. 107 designates a needle valve mounted in a suitably packed gland and adapted to re ulate the admission of the gasolene through the pipe 86 into the interior ofthe shell 100.

In o' ration, a quantity of gasolene mixed with air is first drawn into thechamber 18 by imparting-several revolutions to thee erating shaft. Each time the piston 25 is riven 38, after which the'air,

in to the cylinder, suction is formed in the chamber 18, which causes the intake valve '106 to unseat, allowing the air and gasolene to enter the chamber 18. A suitable pressure of several pounds is maintained upon the 1 gas within the chamber 18 and, upon the outer throw of the piston 3, a suction being formed in advance of the piston, the valve 4 will unseat and allow a charge of gasolene to enter the cylinder. The next forward throw of the piston will compress the charge and, at a predetermined moment, a sparking is effected for the purpose of exploding the charge. As the piston 3 is driven outward under the impact of the explosion, when the port 34 begins to register with the port 34* leading to the chamber 24, the piston 25 will be moved and also the stems 26 and 27, so that the port 34 will register with the port 20 and the valve 30 will be unseated, allowing the port 23 to be in communication with the port 21 and the two orts will thus form a sufficient means for a owing the cylinder to be thoroughly exhausted, the products of combustion issuing from the port 20 being discharged through the opening 21 As the piston stems 26 and 27 are moved lon itudinally during the exhaustin of the cy inder, the piston 36 moving with t e piston stem 26 will draw air into the chamber 37 through the port 42 and, after the roducts of the comustion in' the cylin er have nearly exhausted, the spring 29 will cause the iston stems 26 and 27 to return toward their normal positions and the piston 36 will compress the air in advance of thesame and hold the valve 30 from seatinguntil the port 39 in the piston 3 begins to register with the port which is compressed in advance of the piston 36, will be relieved and the valve 30 and the piston 25 will close the entrance into the passageways 20 and 21. After the cylinder has been thorou hly exhausted in the manner described, t e pressure upon the mixed fuel within the crank chamber bein in excess of the pressure upon the valve 4 wi cause the latter to unseat and allow a new charge of fuel to enter the cylinder, preparatory to its being compressed by the next inner thrust of the piston. When the feed of the en ine becomes accelerated, the governing mechanism will cause the. piston 52 to be depressed under the tension of the spring bearing against the same and the circuit with the sparking plug will be open,

therefore shutting off the firing of the char es which will have a tendency to cause t e speed of the engine to be reduced. By the, provision of the timing mechanism, illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the sparking of the charge may be regulated, the throwing forward of the lever 68 causing the advancing f of the sparking, while the movement of the leverin the opposite direction will retard the same. By the rotary movement of the operating shaft, a supply of gasolene is fed through the pipes to the mixing chamber when it issues through the needle re ulated port into the interior of the mixing 0 iantber, As the intake valve 106 unseats under the impulses of the engine, the plug 103 will be depressed allowing the gasolene to overflow the shell in which said plug is contained and the air rushing over the surface of the shell will catch up the gasolene and cause the same to be thoroughly mixed therewith as it enters the crank chamber.

From the-foregoing, it will be noted that, by the construction of an engine embodying the features of my invention, means is afforded for thoroughly exhausting the cylinder so that the entire capacity of the combustion chamber may receive the new charge, the exhausting of the cylinder being accomplished by the plurality of ports which are controlled by the mechanism which is acted upon by the pressure upon the products of combustion.

By the provision of the gasolene supplying means and the mixer, a supply of gaseous fuel will be constantly maintained within the crank chamber and the engine revented from attaining an excessive speed y the automatic shuttmg off of the sparking.

What I claim as new is I 1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and crank chamber, a valvedworking piston mounted within the cylinder and through which communication is afforded between the cylinder and chamber, means for supplying a gaseous fuel to said chamber, a shaft driven by the piston, s arking means, a casing fixed to said e lin er and having exhaust passageways lea ing to the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a iston mounted in a chambered ortion of t' e casing and .adapted to norma y close one of theexhaust passageways in'the casing, a stem u" on which said valve in the casing is mounte a valve adapted to regulateone of the exhaust passageways communicating with the corn-' ustion chamber, a second piston secured to said stem and adapted to compress air in advance thereof to hold said valve from seat-' inguntil the cylinder is thoroughly exhausted, as set forth.

2. An internal combustion engine compris valve regulatin ing a cylinder and crank chamber, a valved-- working piston mounted within the cylinder and through which communication is aflorded between the cylinder and chamber, means for supplying a gaseous fuel to said chamber, a shaft driven by the piston, sparking means, a casing fixed to said cylinder and having exhaust passageways leading to the c0mbus tion chamber of the cylinder, a said casing having a cylindrical c amber, a

piston stem mounted in suitable bearings in said casing, a plurality of pistons secured to said stem, one of which pistons is adapted to control the communication through one of the exhaust passageways from the cylinder, a or another passageway leading from the end of the cylinder, and a stem to the latter valve connected to said piston stem, as set forth.

3. Aninternal combustion engine'comprising a cylinder and crank chamber, a valvedworking piston mounted within the cylinder and through which communication is afiorded between the cylinder and chamber, means for supplying gaseous fuel to said chamber, a shaft driven by the piston, sparking means, a casing fixed to said cylinder and havin ex haust passageways leading to the com us tion chamber of the cylinder, a portion ofsaid casing having a cylindrical amber,a

piston stem mounted in suitable, bearings. 1n

said casing, a plurality of pistons secured'to said stem, one of whic pistons is adapted to control the communication through one of' the exhaust passageways from the cylinder, a valve regulating another passageway leading from the end ofthe cylinder, a stem to the latter valve connected to .said piston stem, said casing'having a duct with an air cock leading thereto, through which air is drawn as the engine exhausts, the air being compressed upon the return movement ofthe piston stem and relieved as the port registers with a port in the valve piston, as set forth. In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signaturevin presence of witnesses.

JOHN'HENRY COGSWELL.

ortion of 

